What are the different types of spinal cord injuries? A guide for beginners
The spinal cord is a critical part of the human body, which serves as the main path to transmit messages between the brain and the rest of the body. When injured, the consequences can alter life. Spinal cord lesions (SCIS) are complex and vary widely in gravity and impact. Understanding the different types of scis can help patients, caregivers and medical professionals to better administer and address these injuries. This beginner guide explores the types of spinal cord injuries, their causes and their effects.
Understand spinal cord injuries
A spinal cord injury occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord or nerves at the end of the spinal channel. The injury can be trauma, such as car accidents, falls or sports injuries, or for non -traumatic causes such as diseases (eg, cancer, infections) or degenerative conditions. The SCIS are classified according to the seriousness of the lesion and the location of the damage along the spinal cord.
Types of spinal cord injuries
Spinal cord lesions are widely classified into two types: complete and incomplete injuries These classifications depend on the scope of the patient’s damage and ability to move and feel sensation under the site of the lesion.
1. Complete lesions of the spinal cord
A complete LME is produced when the spinal cord is completely cut or damaged, resulting in the total loss of motor function and sensation below the level of injury. This means that the brain can no longer send or receive signs to and from the affected areas. Patients with complete SCISs may experience paralysis (paraplegia or quadriplegia) and require life assistance with daily activities.
2. Incomplete spinal cord injuries
In an incomplete LME, the spinal cord is partially damaged, allowing some sensory or motor function to remain below the site of the lesion. These lesions vary widely in gravity and can improve over time with rehabilitation. There are several incomplete science subtypes, which include:
- Anterior cord syndrome: Damage to the front portion of the spinal cord, which affects the function of the engine and the ability to feel pain and temperature.
- Central Cord Syndrome: Damage to the center of the spinal cord, which often affects the arms more than the legs.
- Posterior cord syndrome: Damage to the back of the spinal cord, which harms coordination and sensation of position.
- Brown-Séquard Syndrome: Damage to one side of the spinal cord, causing muscle weakness on one side of the body and loss of sensation in the other.
Classification by Location of Lesions
Spinal cord lesions are also classified according to their location along the spine:
- Cervical lesions (neck): Cervical column lesions (C1 – C7) can affect the arms, hands, trunk, legs and even breathing. High cervical lesions (C1 – C4) are often the most serious and can cause quadlergia (four limbs paralysis).
- Thoracic lesions (upper back): The lesions to the thoracic column (T1 – T12) mainly affect the trunk and legs. Since the thoracic column is more stable, these lesions are less common than cervical lesions.
- Lumbar lesions (low back): Lumbar column lesions (L1 – L5) can affect the legs and hips, which often results in paraplegia.
- Sacred lesions (column base): Sacred column injuries (S1 – S5) affect the hips, legs, bladder and intestinal function, but generally do not cause paralysis.
Effects of spinal cord injuries
The effects of a LME depend on the type and location of the lesion. Common symptoms include:
- Loss of motor function (paralysis)
- Loss of sensation (numbness or tingling)
- Chronic pain or spasms
- Difficulty breathing or coughing
- Bladder and intestine dysfunction
- Sexual dysfunction
- Emotional and psychological challenges
Treatment and recovery
Although there is currently no cure for spinal cord injuries, advances in medical science and rehabilitation have improved treatment options. Immediate medical care focuses on stabilizing the patient, preventing more damage and handling complications. Long -term treatment may include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, medicines, assistance devices and, in some cases, experimental treatments such as stem cell therapy.
Prevention and support
Preventing spinal cord lesions involves taking precautions in high -risk situations, such as wearing safety belts, using helmets and avoiding dangerous activities. For those who live with SCIS, the support of health professionals, family and community resources is essential to improve the quality of life.
Conclusion
Spinal cord injuries are challenging and change life, but understanding different types and their effects can help patients and caregivers navigate the way to recovery. If the lesion is complete or incomplete, cervical or lumbar, early intervention, rehabilitation and continuous support are crucial to maximize independence and well -being. If you or someone you know you have experienced a LME, look for professional medical advice and explore the available resources to guarantee the best possible result.
