A new tissue engineering strategy for spinal cord injury repair

A recent study published in Journal Engineering delves into the application of tissue engineering in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair and presents a comprehensive review of the latest research and potential treatment strategies.

SCI is a serious condition affecting the central nervous system, often leading to a permanent loss of sensory and motor functions. Current treatments such as surgical decompression and medication only relieve symptoms to some extent, and it is important to explore new treatment approaches. Tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary discipline that integrates life sciences, materials science, engineering technology and clinical medicine, offers new possibilities.

Researchers first focused on biomaterials. SCI can cause inflammatory storms and scar tissue formation, preventing axonal regeneration. Biomaterials play an important role in Sci treatment by creating new microenvironments at the site of injury. For example, biodegradable materials such as hydrogels show great potential. Cai et al. Gelma-Mxene hydrogels were manufactured in a grooved configuration and SCI enhanced hindlimb motor recovery in rats. Wang et al. We designed anisotropic Fe3S4 ferromagnetic liquid hydrogels that promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery.

Cells also play an important role in SCI repair. Stem cells such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), umbilical cord-derived MSCs, and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively studied. They differentiate into a variety of cell types and can secrete cytokines to promote nerve regeneration. For example, Liu et al. 3D printing techniques were used to generate neural scaffolds for neural stem cells (NSCs) survival and differentiation, and to improve hindlimb motor function in rats with SCI.

Furthermore, cellized extracellular matrix (DECM) and exosomes have emerged as promising candidates. Although DECM can provide a subsidized environment for nerve regeneration, exosomes have therapeutic potential. Zhu et al. We developed an HA hydrogel patch that can release exosomes and methylprednisolone, improving functional and electrophysiological performance in rats with SCI.

This study also investigated other active factors, small molecules, and RNAs. Provided neurotrophic factors such as NT3 promotes structure and function recovery. Wang et al. It was found that NT3-chitosan promoted neuronal regeneration and reconstructed damaged neural networks.

Creating a regenerative microenvironment is essential for SCI repair. Biomaterials and cells or active factors can promote nerve regeneration. Yuan et al. DNA hydrogels were designed to carry NSCs and restored hindlimb function in rats. Song et al. We produced IGF-1 bioactive supramolecular nanofiber hydrogels that promoted NSC survival and differentiation.

While important advances are being made, researchers noted that further research is needed to verify the safety and efficacy of these treatment strategies. They highlighted the importance of coordinated efforts from global collaborative innovation with experts from various disciplines to translate these findings into clinical applications. This study provides valuable insight into future treatments for SCI and offers new hope for patients suffering from this debilitating condition.